Classical Liberalism Essay -- Thomas Hobbs, John Locke

Definition ========== The ideology of classical liberalism is concerned with the conception of an exemplar society. The term classical refers to the early form of liberalism that flourished for much of the nineteenth century. It sees hu valet de chambre nature as essentially selfish but rational. Therefore the ideal society is one where individuals have maximum issuedom to pursue their own interest in competition with everyone else. Origins ======= Origins of classical liberalism are derived from the break up of the feudal system, which allowed sight more economic freedom and allowed possible the early growth of capitalism. The fusion of economic and political liberalism has produced a powerful doctrine that has influenced governments ever since. However in the beginning CL had fully matured, it was preceded by two opposing movement Natural rights and utilitarianism. Natural Rights ============== This doctrine, developed by Thomas Hobbs an d John Locke in the 16th and seventeenth century is fairly famous due to Hobbs unflatteringly described state of nature which states without a rule of a sovereign body then society becomes a warof every man against every man which leaves life solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. It was argued by both that each man is born with certain rights, which are natural and cannot be denied to him by others. This includes the rights to life, liberty and to reduce pain. In order to protect these rights, man must also consent to accept control from a sovereign in order to protect these rights and if this is not accepted, they will be limited. (This could also be confused by description, as aut... ...re with the natural state of society with providing local services such as social welfare and education that check to Spencer was tampering with the processes of nature. Samuel Smiles, a follower of Spencer, took this further and actually campaigned against welfa re provision as its up to individuals to make the best of their own lives according to their abilities without relying on others. Summary of Classical Liberal Ideas The most basic value that must be preserved in society is individual liberty The free working of the economic system is vital in maximising prosperity The state should play a minimal role in society discrimination is natural. Creating greater equality is an interference with nature On the whole, individuals are responsible for themselves and their own welfare