Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Showcasing - Essay Example Market division was presented in 1956 by Wendell Smith, and from that point forward it has, more than some other showcasing idea, been the subject of insightful conversation and request (Quinn, 2009). His fundamental contention lay as in products will have the option to understand their greatest potential utility if the distinctions among showcase sections were perceived and taken into account, instead of if merchandise were delivered aimlessly for the mass market (Foedermayr and Diamantopoulos, 2008). The intelligence in division is that it helps in making a homogeneous gathering out of a heterogeneous market, for which an increasingly viable promoting blend might be structured. This improves the allure of the firm and its items to the objective section, by permitting the organization to all the more capably meet the customers’ saw needs. Moreover, the division practice embraced by the organization during the time spent planning better empowers the organization to all the mor e explicitly decide and comprehend client needs, and the measures by which such needs might be portioned. A closer match could in this manner be made between the item structure, the showcasing approach, and the necessities of the clients (McDonald and Dunbar, 2007). Market division is thought about as a profoundly helpful â€Å"sense-making† instrument, frequently to impart to the focused on advertise in the best way (Quinn, 2009, p. 253). In any case, how much it is valuable as an apparatus for making explicit key plans is the subject of current discussion. A notable analysis against dependence on division as an idea developed during the 1990s. Around then it got evident to certain researchers that customer ways of life keep on becoming progressively divided. Therefore, advertise division seems to turn out to be increasingly more ineffectual as a legitimate strategy for characterizing the market of a firm (Quinn, 2009; Charles, 2002; Holt, 1997). The possibility of â€Å"li festyle† has been utilized to characterize advertise portions, however increasingly more the idea has gotten obscure and questionable. Practically speaking, it has gotten hard to characterize in detail all clients served by a firm or industry, and progressively the way to deal with division is to distinguish the measures generally imperative to that business and partition the clients into bunches as per those classifications that are generally reasonable (Quinn, 2009, p. 255). The varieties in ways of life and the wide assortment of separated items have made not a couple of general homogeneous markets; actually, and for certain enterprises specifically, customization of item and administration structures have become the norm. For example, in addressable and intelligent correspondences are profiled against individualized client examination and penchant displaying; these help with deciding the probability that particular recommendations will be acknowledged (Bailey, Baines, Wils on and Clark, 2009). 2. What are the diverse division forms for both B2C and B2B? To comprehend the various methodologies concerning B2C and B2B markets, it is important to characterize the terms. B2C is short for business-to-client; that is, the business that provisions the item, regardless of whether great or administration, is focusing on the end client or individual customer. Then again, B2B alludes

International Foundation Programmer free essay sample

Have you previously applied for the International Foundation Programmer? On the off chance that truly, what is your Student Number (If no, you should present your application with this structure to be qualified) What is your picked Foundation subject? What is your picked undergrad subject? Grant Application Supporting Statements Scholarships will be granted based on both scholastic execution TTT date and scholastic potential, just as a competitors potential commitment society. There is a desire that grant holders will utilize their Cardiff University capability to make a future commitment to society, the cover the scholarly community or research. The selectors will along these lines give exceptional consideration to the data that you give beneath comparable to these zones. Word check: 800 words most extreme (around 150 words for every segment). If it's not too much trouble connect a different sheet if vital. 1 . Kindly state why you accept tattoo ought to be considered for the Card University International Scholarship. . If it's not too much trouble exhibit any prominent scholarly achievement or other huge individual accomplishments. We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Foundation Programmer or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 3. It would be ideal if you diagram how this grant will partner later on. 4. If it's not too much trouble show your consciousness of the commitment that you can make to the improvement of your locale, society or country because of acquiring your Cardiff University capability. 5. If it's not too much trouble plot how you would speak to Cardiff college in your future instruction or vocation. Subsidizing of your Studies please demonstrate how you intend to support the rest of your investigations or living expenses*: Self Funding Government Funding* * Private Company Funding Other (it would be ideal if you determine) Please know that understudies must fulfill certain money related prerequisites as a major aspect of their visa application for concentrate in the LIKE and understudies ought not be exclusively depending on getting a grant to meet these. * *Students getting full Government subsidizing and additionally full grant from some other source won't be qualified for a grant. Advertising Public Relations Successful candidates consent to permit Cardiff University and any applicable outside grant offices to utilize the data gathered for showcasing exercises, for example, distributions, sites, enlistment exercises or potentially grant special exercises. Fruitful candidates likewise consent to go to any prize-giving occasions as fitting and go about as a represetative for Cardiff college consistently.

Art of the Ancient and Medieval World - 2200 Words

Art of the Ancient and Medieval World (Essay Sample) Content: Name Instructor Course Date Art of the Ancient and Medieval World Medieval art comprises a vast array of genres of art that were dominant during the medieval times. Most of the medieval art is from Europe, but there are also traces of similar artistic developments in the same period in Asia and North Africa (Benton 23). The medieval period saw art develop through different times or movements as a result of various influences that inspired the artists of the time. Therefore, historians often find it difficult to categorize and classify medieval art into one blanket term due to the varied nature of the art products during the medieval times. Nevertheless, medieval art is understood to cover many art movements including Early Christian art, Migration Period art, insular art, Byzantine art, Romanesque art, Pre-Romanesque, and Gothic art (Benton 26). Besides, each region in Europe that had undergone significant civilization had developed its forms of art that were distinguishable from genres of art from other areas. For instance, there were significant differences between Anglo-Saxon art and Norse art. Moreover, medieval art was also produced across many different media including sculpture, metalwork, stained glass, and illuminated manuscripts (Benton 28). Most of these varied forms of art media survived from ancient times to date and are stored in some of the world's leading art galleries and exhibition centers. There are several characteristics and qualities that distinguish medieval art from other forms of art developed in different periods. For example, medieval art is mostly noted for its use of vivid color. Different colors were used to imply different emotions through art. Also, art in the medieval times was also notable for its portrayal of the main figure in an artwork. The main figures of focus always stood out from the rest of items in a drawing or painting. They appear to be bigger that other items on the image. Also, medieval art was mainly created for use in churches and religious institutions. As such, art was mainly viewed as a way of promoting God's glory rather than for any secular purposes. Therefore, most of the art produced in this period covers religious themes such as showing the Holy Family, early saints, and church buildings (Benton 33). Also, some paintings and sculptures also showed scenes of war to reflect some of the political developments between different commun ities in ancient times. A majority of the artists during the medieval times were priests and monks from different monasteries. Therefore, art was n mostly considered to be a gift from God, which ad to be used for the glorification of God and promote godly things. Nevertheless, one striking quality that distinguished medieval art from other forms of genres of art is the relationship between art and wealth and power. Wealth and power represent some of the factors that influence classism and social interaction in then society. Wealthy individuals and those with the greatest power or authority often make up the elitist classes in the society, which stand out as the most sophisticated social groups. On the other hand, the poor and the less powerful comprise of the majority of the populations (Benton 38). The manner in which the wealth people perceive art is very different from the exception of the poor and the less powerful. As such, wealth and power have so much influence on the development of art in the medieval or the ancient period. Consequently, the rich and the most influential people in the society wielded more and authority towards the development of art in terms of dictating the style and content of paintings and drawings produced (Nees 3 9). The impact of wealth and power on the development of medieval art can be understood from various perspectives as discussed in the sections below. The first aspect when examining the relationship between art and wealth or power in the medieval times is commissioning. Commissioning refers to a process where a wealthy person in the society initiates a process of developing art by offering the artist an idea of the painting, drawing or sculpture and paying for it. The individuals ordering for artworks to be developed are known as patrons. The patrons were particularly influential in the development of medieval artworks because they owned the art galleries and exhibition centers as well as owning certain pieces of art in their homes and premises (Benton 41). During the commissioning process, the artists would get into an agreement with the patron over the development of the artwork. For example, the contractual agreement would stipulate issues such as the nature of the artwork, the materials that would be used, the subject or content of the art piece, the payment terms, and the duration that it would take to complete the work. This implies that in the medieval times, the individuals who owned artworks were only the wealthy and powerful people. As such, wealth and power influenced the relationship between artists and the patrons. For instance, artistic freedom was greatly inhibited in the ancient times because the artists were only limited to following the instructions of their patrons. On some circumstances, the patrons asked to be included in the paintings (Nees 44). In this case, the patrons would be referred to as the donors. This also explains why most of the ancient images and paintings contain both religious figures such as saints and the Holy family and other noblemen in the society at the time. Nevertheless, besides limiting the freedom of the artists, commissioning was a very good way of acknowledging and appreciating the works of different artists. The most skilled artists earned a lot of money of her at skills through commissioning. For example, artists would not have to worry about making drawi ngs and paintings that would not be bought by the public as they were paid for each of their art pieces by their patrons. Therefore, the artists were effectively rewarded for their efforts in creating and developing art. Secondly, the relationship between art and wealth or power can also be comprehended through evaluating the status of the artist in the society during the medieval and ancient times. In the middle ages, artists were considered as skilled laborers or individuals who worked with their hands to offer their professional services. As such, they were mostly referred to as craftsmen of artisans, hence, occupying a lesser social position in comparison with other professionals such as the philosophers, thinkers, and innovators (Nees 39). It is appalling how the position or place of the artists in the society was viewed as less important yet their work was appreciated and followed after by the wealthy and the most powerful individuals. For the most of the medieval period, artists fiercely fought against this perception by demanding to be recognized as highly skilled individuals alongside innovators and thinkers. However, it wasn't until the Renaissance that the status of the artists I the socie ty changed with artists such as Pablo Picasso becoming icons in the society. In this regard, wealth and power determined how people viewed artists in the society. The wealth looked down upon artists while they valued the products of the artists themselves. This is because the artistry was viewed as an inherent trait rather than a valuable skill that was taught in schools. Most artists acquired the art by learning through apprenticeship (Nees 52). On the other hand, the wealthy people acquired their wealth and power after lots of hard work and going through the education system at the time to get the sophistication associated with their class. Thirdly, production of art was very expensive during the middle ages. Production of quality artwork often took a lot of resources and time. Consequently, the resulting art pieces were also very expensive. As such, the many artists could not even sustain their profession and had to rely on the wealth citizens in order to practice their art. This is because most of the artists were poor people in the society who did not have enough resources to develop high-quality pieces of art (Sekules 48). Production of quality art products entailed acquiring expensive colors and other materials that were owned by some of the wealthiest people in the society at the time. Therefore, artists had to rely on their patrons to be able to produce quality products. More often, artists would love in seclusion for long periods while developing their artworks. Furthermore, some of the best arts were developed after longer periods of time depending on the availability of the resources required as well as the in spiration of the artist. Therefore, wealth and power were very influential in determining the direction of art in the society during the medieval times. Conversely, wealth and power also had an influence on assessing the value of art products in the ancient times. For example, most of the valuable art pieces at the time incorporated valuable materials such as gold and silver. Furthermore, creating the colors to complement these materials was a very challenging and expensive process. For instance, creating a blue color involved extracting some components from the Lapis Lazuli, a very rare and precious stone (Binski, George, William 57). Therefore, art items that had such colors and expensive materials were considered more valuable in comparison to products that used cheaper materials. These expensive materials were either incorporated in the artwork to reflect the wealth of the patron commissioning the artwork or for religious devotions. Nevertheless, the concept of the value of art was very different. The value of art was mainly determined by the materials used in the production of the artwork rather than on the technique and skill that was used to develop the art. This is a complete contrast to the contemporary situation where ...

What Is a Chemical Symbol Definition and Examples

Element names and other words in chemistry may be long and cumbersome to use. For this reason, IUPAC chemical symbols and other shorthand notation are commonly used. Chemical Symbol Definition A chemical symbol is a notation of one or two letters representing a chemical element. The exceptions to the one- to two-letter symbol are the temporary element symbols assigned to designate new or to-be-synthesized elements. Temporary element symbols are three letters that are based on the elements atomic number. Also Known As: element symbol Examples of Element Symbols Certain rules apply to element symbols. The first letter is always capitalized, while the second (and third, for unverified elements) is lowercase. H is the chemical symbol for hydrogen.C is the chemical symbol for carbon.Si is the chemical symbol for silicon.Uno was the element symbol for hassium. Uno stands for unniloctium or element 108. Chemical symbols are found on the periodic table and are used when writing chemical formulas and equations. Other Chemical Symbols While the term chemical symbol usually refers to an element symbol, there are other symbols used in chemistry. For example, EtOH is a symbol for ethyl alcohol, Me indicates a methyl group, and Ala is the symbol for the amino acid alanine. Pictographs are often used to represent specific hazards in chemistry as another form of chemical symbol. For example, a circle with fire above it indicates an oxidizer. Sources Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Virginia (2014). The Lost Elements: The Periodic Tables Shadow Side. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199383344.Leal, Joà £o P. (2013). The Forgotten Names of Chemical Elements. Foundations of Science. 19: 175–183. doi:10.1007/s10699-013-9326-y

Mcquails Communications Theory - 2103 Words

In the theoretical field of communication studies, the works are often heavily influenced and led by Western-oriented perspectives. In this essay, we shall explore the various media texts in Singapore and analyze the extent to which it relates to McQuail’s communication theory. Comparing the influence of mass media to the early century, McQuail D. (2002) associates the first concept of communication to the ‘teachings’ and guidance towards the masses through propaganda. This transmission perception is communication at its simplest level. In this model, the major concern is to dispatch the message regardless of the receiver having reached an understanding with the source and hence omitting feedback. For example, it is evident in the†¦show more content†¦Taking the previous example of Wendy’s blog, her entries often do not fall into the good tastes of the public. As mentioned, her weblog usually covers controversial issues such as weak women, phone sex and racist topics. Recently, she was once again featured on a local newspaper for her alleged defamation of another local blogger. The feud reached a boiling point when Wendy accused her of undergoing plastic surgery and as a result, she was threatened with a lawsuit (Yong, D., 2008) . This illustrates the key point of the display model as even though she may not hold the best reputation in the eyes of the public, she have achieve her main purpose of attracting potential readers to her blog. In this case, she was given a free publicity pass â€Å"at no cost†. Although it is notable that audience is sensitive to the quality of media content, in particular, the upholding of certain norms and values present in the local community such as morality and sensitivity, it is in human nature to give in to curiosity (McQuail D., 1997). Finally, we have arrived at the last concept of McQuail’s communication theory, the reception model. This concept places a strong emphasis on the role of the receiver, and thus the readers, in the interpretation of media texts (McQuail D., 1997). It is slightly more critical than the previous models as it permits the audience with the power to resist andShow MoreRelatedMcquails Communications Theory2095 Words   |  9 Pagesfield of communication studies, the works are often heavily influenced and led by Western-oriented perspectives. In this essay, we shall explore the various media texts in Singapore and analyze the extent to which it relates to McQuail’s communication theory. Comparing the influence of mass media to the early century, McQuail D. (2002) associates the first concept of communication to the ‘teachings’ and guidance towards the masses through propaganda. This transmission perception is communication at itsRead MoreAn Analysis of How Mass Media Affects the Youth950 Words   |  4 Pagespoint made use of the different forms of the media. They have used the media to promote what people should wear, eat, do and even value. The effects of media will vary with a child’s age and stage of development. (McQuail, D., 2008. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 5th ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd) Another positive side of mass media is that it keep the people updated with the happenings in the world, the internet brings so much knowledge at our disposal, television entertains us, thereRead MoreCommunication Models1962 Words   |  8 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to discuss Denis McQuail’s four concepts of communication in contemporary Western culture. It will be discussed in this essay how each media form exhibits a communication model and to what extent that it does so. It will also be discussed whether each of these models are independent or correlated. For each communication model, a different media form will be used to explain how it is being manifested. Television broadcasting will be used to explain the transmission modelRead MoreModern Bollywood, A Decade Old: Bollywood and the Colonial Censorship3158 Words   |  13 Pageson Hindi Cinema. Applying the key features from Dennis McQuail’s â€Å"Normative Theory†, the relationship between Bolly wood and the audience, controlled by the censorship board will be explained; and how both, the Bollywood industry and Censor Board are responsible for bringing changes to each other in the terms of rules, regulations, audience’s attitudes and their demands, in every period of time. According to McQuail (2010), a normative theory is adopted to clear the confusion prevailing in the informationRead MoreUniversal Studios Distribution of Despicable Me 2 Essay examples752 Words   |  4 PagesMass Communication in the Marketplace: Despicable Me 2 Despicable Me 2, an animated film distributed by Universal Studios and Illumination Entertainment in July of 2013 grossed $970,065,385 world-wide (BoxOffice, 2014). The film was a success for its distributors and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2014 for Best Animated Feature Film. Chris Meledandri, who is the president and CEO of Illumination Entertainment, has an exclusive working agreement with Universal Studios and does the productionRead MoreAnalysis on Digital Media Participation: How Fans Interact Online719 Words   |  3 Pagesworldwide. This documentary film aims to change the perspective people have on fans that they are cheap, desperate, and low class. With this interactivity and digitalization come a new form of community that sprouted from the computer-mediated communication (CMC) (McQuail 150-51), the virtual community. According to McQuail, this virtual community â€Å"can be formed by any number of individuals by way of the Internet at their own choice† (150) and â€Å"usually based on some common interest† (150). Fan clubsRead MoreMedia Bias on Women’s Issues700 Words   |  3 Pagescritical to their wellbeing. Works Cited Hollar, J. (2004). Muting the women’s march: Media lose focus when women protest in Washington. Retrieved from fair.org/extra-online-articles/muting-the-womens-march/ McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publishing, Inc. O’Neill, T. (2013). Sexist, racist attitudes entrenched in society erode women’s dignity, humanity and safety. Retrieved from now.org/issues/media/031413sexistracistculture.html SchnallRead MoreEssay on Effects of Mass Media on Society1650 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex system ‘in which individuals were socially isolated.’ (DeFleur Ball-Rokeach, 1989, p.159) Therefore, individuals are vulnerable to the influence of mass media. In the first decade of 20th century, ‘public was alarmed about new forms of communication such as daily newspapers, moving pictures and radio broadcasts.’ (DeFleur Ball-Rokeach, 1989, p.147) Nowadays, the dispute of media effect has never stopped. Many people believe that the media have influence upon people’s social life. ObviouslyRead MoreMedia Studies1668 Words   |  7 Pagestheorists see the role of the mass media as a means of maintaining the existing state of affairs, while the liberal pluralists see the role of the mass media as a means to promote the freedom of speech. The following essay will look more closely into the theories of these two schools with regards to how they see the role of the media in society, and offer some examples related to media in South Africa and globally. According to the Marxist approach, capitalist society is seen as one of class authority;Read MoreGlobal Media1711 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalisation is highly controversial and needs to be analysed in depth. In history, three theories have been used by scholars to look at globalisation and its effect. The modernisation theory and cultural dependency theory analysed the positive and negative influences of homogenisation as a result of globalisation. Heterogenisation, as the opposite side of homogenisation, is emphasised in the cultural pluralism theory as the other significant influence of globalisation. Therefore, this essay will aim to

E-commerce at Woolworths

Question: Discuss about theE-commerce at Woolworths. Answer: Introduction E-commerce by definition is the process of conducting commercial transactions over the internet. In simpler terms it is trading on the internet. E-commerce has seen significant growth since the internet helped business reach a new sense of globalization (Andam 2014). Almost all companies today buy and sell products off the internet and have a wide customer base. Woolworths is one such company that had made an excellent stand in the world of e-commerce. The below report is an analysis of various e-commerce applications and strategies used by the company to grow in the online market. About the Company Established in 1924, Woolworths is one of the oldest and the largest chain of supermarkets that operate in Australia and New Zealand. The company supplies food product, liquor and other general merchandise and have an operative e-commerce website for their daily trade operations. According to the financial reports of the company, the company has made AU$ 1.2 billion sales in the year 2014 alone which is clearly an indication of the size of their business, the customer base and the efficiency of their e-commerce strategy. E-Business Applications The company has made tremendous effort to ease the use of their e-commerce platform. The website and the mobile application have been revamped at several stages to enhance customer experience. To have a store like feel, the platforms are filled with images aiding visual search capabilities and have an enhanced search functionality to find appropriate products within seconds. The categories of each product are clearly defined and easy to navigate. Since the customers generally look for product information, price information first and then ways to compare these products. The company provides clear images of the products and presents the price during the selection of the product making this an easy task. The website also provides the facilities to create lists so the customer may not pick items every single time but can rather order things of the pre stored list making purchase time and search time significantly low. Document Automation The company makes use of a document automation system. This system on adding products to the cart, automatically creates a sales order. This order is sent to the store to pick the products and based on the availability of products a delivery note is generated. Based out of the same the invoice is sent over to the customer and payments are adjusted. Payment Systems The company makes use of the EDI technology for payment transfers. The website is connected to the banks via an Electronic Data Interchange. Wowlink is the interface on the side of the company and is a business to business EDI gateway provided by accredited third party Value Added Network Providers (VANS) (Rodriguez, 2014). Payments are made via payment gateways for credit and debit card payments, where encrypted card data is used to a payment processor that is used by the companys bank (Kou, 2013). This is then forwarded to the issuing bank to check for available amounts. Once the amount is authorized the payment is received by the acquiring bank making the entire process simple and quick. The company also provides a wallet facility. GS1 Net GS1 net provides the facility to identify trade items uniquely in a supply chain. These numbers are integrated with data carriers that facilitate the e-commerce process and product synchronization (power, 2015). The technology is used to store product data in a central pool and would maintain, validate and update this data to provide accurate inputs to all the customers. It enables customers to choose products and submit request for purchase and also provides information in regard to the status of the request, thereby eradicating several manual forms. Member Portal The member portal of Woolworths uses applications developed by Elcom. The technology is used to validate the membership number with the database of the company to authenticate user to access the portal. The partner organizations are setup as groups for simpler and controlled access. Email marketing is done to these members by automating the email system that send out promotional details to all the registered members. Strategies Every company develops efficient strategies to enhance the functioning of each of its department. Some of the strategies used by Woolworths are mentioned below Marketing Strategy The company is currently exploring several social media sites making them an efficient marketing venue. The company has commendable presence on Instagram, Facebook and twitter. Sales and promotions are announced time to time on social media attracting customers of all ages (Mata, 2014). The company has a loyalty program in place that gives back to the customer. Loyalty programs work as a strong marketing strategy when commendable rewards are provided to the consumers. The company also sends out regular emails to keep the customers updated with the new products and promotions available. The company provides recipe based ingredients list making it easier to the customer to locate products. The company is here by promoting the regularly used products by the customers (Boone, 2013). The company also highlights the products that are on sale helping the customer choose these products and the visuals are very big and the price is highlighted. The company also tags products as special to emp hasize products that are different or rarely available. Supply Chain Strategy Woolworths has being in the market close to a century now and hence have a superior supply chain in place already. The company has recently migrated to Trade Stones Merchandise Lifecycle Management platform to enhance their supply chain creating an efficient system from the suppliers to the customers (PYMNTS, 2015). This system includes the both orders and supplies, B2B activities and related services. The business documents of the company are handled by SPS commerce who ensure that all the e-commerce documents generated comply with the business standards (SAS Commerce, 2016). They handle a hundred thousand documents a month. The company in collaboration with SPS commerce ensure that the data sent around to the various partners in the supply chain and accurate and efficient. Woolworths also implements SAP technology to handle delivery, inventory and warehousing of the company. SAP provides a grid system for inventory management and has the ability to integrate with other systems that use a different technology to pick order details and keep take of the same. Security Strategy Almost all the e-commerce website implement several strategies to ensure safe data transfer. Some of the key technologies used are Secure Socket Locket that provides integrity and non-reputability, Secure Hyper Text Transfer protocol that comes with a public encryption key, digital signatures and authentication. Secure electronic transactions are used for the purpose of wallet software. The payment gateway technology itself comes with built in security to ensure that the payment details are not corrupted or leaked. A highly efficient data encryption code is used to ensure that the details are secured and can be accessed only by the authorized parties. Electronic Data Interchange is also done through a predefined encryption set. Recommendations Below are some of the recommendations that can help Woolworths provide a superior customer experience. The website has a high responsive time when compared to other online sites. This need to be enhanced by decreasing the size of the content and using faster servers (Strauss, 2016). The images are used to provide a customer like experience however, they make the initial page clumsy. Smaller and clear images need to be used in the first page at least (Mohapatra, 2013). Instagram is a highly populated application with a lot of potential customers. Advertising through the new marketing feature developed by Instagram can help Woolworths sustain customers The company can study the buying patterns of the customer and send out a customized grocery list to the customer in the month to let the customer know that they are being valued and making purchasing an easy task (Sila. 2013). Products that are identified as profitable but are not easily purchased can be put up in a recommendations section under the regularly purchased products to gain more visibility (Yin, 2014) References Andam, Z.R., 2014. e-Commerce and e-Business. Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013. Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Kou, W. ed., 2013. Payment technologies for e-commerce. Springer Science Business Media. Mata, F.J. and Quesada, A., 2014. Web 2.0, social networks and e-commerce as marketing tools. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(1), pp.56-69. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. In E-Commerce Strategy (pp. 155-171). Springer US. Power, D. and Gruner, R.L., 2015. Exploring reduced global standards-based inter-organisational information technology adoption. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 35(11), pp.1488-1511. PYMNTS., 2015, Australias Woolworths chooses supply chain management platform. Available at: https://www.pymnts.com/news/b2b-payments/2015/australias-woolworths-choose-supply-chain-management-platform/ (Accessed: 9 September 2016). Rodriguez, H., Smith, N.J. and Spinac, C.J., Toshiba Global Commerce Solutions Holding Corporation, 2014. E-check and e-commerce. U.S. Patent 8,645,241. SAS Commerce.,2016, Case study: Woolworths limited | SPS commerce Australia. Available at: https://spscommerce.com.au/resources/case-studies/case-study-woolworths-limited-australia/ (Accessed: 9 September 2016). Sila, I., 2013. Factors affecting the adoption of B2B e-commerce technologies. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(2), pp.199-236. Strauss, J., 2016. E-marketing. Routledge. Yin, M. and Liu, S., 2014. Comparative Study of Traditional Network Marketing and E-Commerce Marketing Based on Cloud Computing. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2014.

Sigmund Freud Theory free essay sample

This socialisation takes place through parents’ rewarding good behaviour and punishing bad behaviour. However, the parents are not always â€Å"in control† of their own feelings. Sometimes they allow their own feelings of frustration and disappointment show (based in their feelings of inadequacy formed because of perceived pressures from other parents). The parent rewards the child for behaviour that is â€Å"approved†. Displays of anger or even violence demonstrate the parent’s disappointment. The child enjoys the warm feeling of satisfaction. The child feels guilt and shame at â€Å"letting its parent down†.These feelings of shame and guilt become established in the psyche as the conscience. 2 Conscience Freud The Conscience at Work A person brought up in a strictly Christian family can experience powerful feelings of guilt if (or when! ) they begin to reject some of the values that they have been brought up to hold. Peter was brought up in a strongly Presbyterian family. We will write a custom essay sample on Sigmund Freud Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he was a child, he attended Church twice every Sunday.  § The minister’s sermons would be delivered in powerful tones – the theme would usually be the punishment in hell waiting for the unrighteous. He would be made to wear his uncomfortable â€Å"Sunday Best† – there would be no Television, or toys or games. The day was spent in silent contemplation, Bible study or discussion groups.  § Many topics were â€Å"taboo† – particularly sex. Alcohol was banned. The women in the Church dressed modestly, and expected their daughters to dress the same. When Peter leaves home, and begins to experience aspects of the World previously forbidden to him, he may feel a certain guilt. For example, Peter’s first experience of alcohol may not simply leave him with a powerful hangover.He may also feel guilt. This feeling of guilt may (or may not) affect his decision making in future encounters with the demon drink.  § These guilt feelings will be particularly powerful when linked to sexuality.  § In particular, homosexuality, masturbation and sex outside of the marriage bond would give rise to guilt feelings. The Christian Church appears to have behaved in such a way as to support Freud’s theory. St Augustine and St Paul are accused of establishing a climate of sexual repression through their teachings about sexuality:  §  §St Paul writes at length about the correct setting for a sexual relationship – in particular he argues that marriage can be used as a safety valve for the sex-drive. St Augustine provides a clearer example of the way that guilt can lead to a puritanical view of sex. St Augustine’s mother was a devout Christian. Augustine grew to resent her views, and as he grew he began to â€Å"experiment† with life. During his early years, he joined a sect (almost like joining a cult today). He travelled to Milan to study rhetoric, and took a lover (she later gave birth to a Son by him). However, he began to feel increasingly uncomfortable about his hedonistic lifestyle. He began to look for less physical answers to his feelings, and at a particularly low moment had a conversion experience. On his return to North Africa he was (forcibly) ordained Bishop of Hippo, and he began writing some of the most influential works in Christian literature. 3 Conscience Freud With reference to sexual intercourse, Augustine is quoted as saying â€Å"men should go to their task with reluctance†. Augustine also argued that the best relationship within a marriage was one of celibacy.His teachings affected Christian attitudes to sexuality.  § This has led to a repression of sexuality within Christianity – the Church appeared to consider sexuality to be innately sinful. Freud argues that this disapproval of sexuality has caused the repression of feelings of shame, leading to neurotic behaviour. The guilt felt by a person causes them to behave in a certain way. Does this mean that there is no place for God in Freud’s view of the Conscience? Freud’s argument is based on the idea that the Conscience is manufactured from experiences and conditioning.Aquinas and Butler argue for a more God-given conscience. There has not been a satisfactory attempt to explain how Freud’s version of the conscience can have God as its source – the best would appear to be that God provided the structure in which the conscience develops. Modern developments in Freud’s theory. Psychology now argues for a two-level conscience. The ego forms a more mature The super-ego forms an conscience. It seeks to achieve under-developed conscience. a form of self-identity based on This is based on the mass of value and worth. The ego tries experiences of shame and guilt. o develop a â€Å"world-view† for The super-ego causes the the person which informs his person to behave like a child – direction through life. seeking approval, or obeying rules without question. It is possible to reintroduce the role of God into the development of the conscience. The mature conscience seeks to establish self-identity based on ideas of value. Many philosophers have argued that the highest value is that of the greatest good (the Summum Bonum). Some even identify God with the highest good – it could therefore be argued that as the mature conscience is striving for the highest good. 4

Global Technological Advancements of Social Networking Sites

Global Technological Advancements of Social Networking Sites The recent global technological advancements have led to many changes in the ways people interact due to the development of social networking sites. A social networking site refers to a web-based service that allows people to create semi-public or public profiles, connect with other users of the website besides viewing and traversing their list of connections and those made by others within the website’s system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Technological Advancements of Social Networking Sites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first social networking site to be established was ‘Friendster’ in 2002 followed by ‘LinkedIn’ and ‘Bebo’. Others include ‘Facebook’ and ‘MySpace’ invented in 2004 and 2005 respectively. The sites are growing exponentially in popularity around the globe as millions of people continue to join the internet commun ity. Despite the popularity of the social networking sites, I have not considered using any of them in the near future since the use of social networking sites has a negative effect on relationships. When used for a prolonged period, the sites enhance social isolation although they seem to bring people closer through their web-based interactions. The sole factor that causes the social isolation is the satisfaction that people tend to get through the sites once they communicate with their friends and family especially in cases of geographical separation. This communication hinders face-to-face interactions among people. With time, the bond associated with one-on-one communication weakens. Research has shown that, this form of isolation can lead to psychological, mental as well as mental problems such as depression, anxiety and somatic complaints among others. For instance, couples in long distance romantic relationships will tend to be unfaithful if they rely exclusively on web-based communication over the social sites for a long period. Social networking sites are time consuming. The users of social sites spend a lot of time updating their profiles and communicating with the other users within their social circle. This detracts them form the time they should have spend in other activities. Instead of concentrating on the activities assigned by their parents, most teens spend most of their time in the social networking sites posing a risk to their relationship with their parents. For students, increased use of the social sites leads to poor academic performance, which negatively affects their relationship with not only their teachers but also with their parents. People who tend to use most of their time in web-based communications may become addicted. Just like any other form of addiction, the social site(s) detaches one from the rest of the society including his/her family. Though social networking sites promise to protect an individual’s information, t his is not always the case. The privacy settings of most of the sites are dynamic. Owing to the fact that many people are in constant search of a fake identity, they may get access to a user’s information. Such people use one’s personal information such as name, area of residence and education level to fake their identity-profile.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They may use the stolen identity to post illegal materials as well as other inappropriate materials in the website. This tarnishes the image of the victim(s), which may lead to the development of a sour relationship with his/her friends. The inappropriate use of one’s identity has made many marriages around the globe to break. It is unfortunate that it takes a relatively long time before on realizes that someone else has stolen his/her identity for some illegal or rather inappropriate reaso ns. In addition, identity theft leads to the development of sour relationships between employers and employees. This occurs when one posts certain information to social networking sites that may tarnish the image of a given organization or an employer. It creates enmity between the victim and his/her employer, which may lead to the loss of his/her job in the organization. Children may unknowingly post confidential information about their family on the sites without the knowledge of the parents. Once the parents discover that their child exposed some family secrets, the child may face a hard time trying to explain it to the parents. Researchers have reported that many family secrets have found their way to the internet, which has had a negative impact on the relationship between parents and their children. Some parents have forced their children to close their accounts in the social networking sites in an attempt to restore the broken relationship. In the recent past, researchers hav e reported increased cases of cyber bullying. Interactions over the social networking sites are the basis of most forms of cyber bullying. It involves the use of social networking sites to threaten and embarrass other people. It is a common phenomenon among teens. In adults, such acts are referred to as cyber-harassment or cyber stalking which have legal implications. Research has shown that one in every three teens has been a victim of cyber bullying. The cyber bullies could be classmates or even neighbors. They cause a lot of emotional and psychological stress to the victims. In the extreme cases, the victims may end up committing suicide. The impact is not only on the victims but also on the bullies since they are bound to undergo some form of punishment either within the family or within the institution in question. It is therefore evident that the use of social networking sites has a negative effect on relationships not only within family settings but also within other institut ions/organizations in the society.

Charismatic Leaders And Their Influence On Supporters Management Essay

Charismatic Leaders And Their Influence On Supporters Management Essay Abstract A charismatic leader is the one who influence supporters with a lively, attractive persona, typically through stimulating sayings. One of the great examples of a charismatic leader is Martin Luther King. One way to enlighten charismatic leadership is to compare it with idea leadership. The former is the victory of method over matter as the later is just the contrary. In consideration leadership, matter or substance is ruler! Public follow charismatic leaders nearly despite of the substance of their communication whereas thoughtful leaders contain solid proof to sway public. The Charismatic Leader collects supporters from stain of persona and appeal, in comparison to any other type of exterior control or power. It is fascinating to see a Charismatic Leader ‘working the room’ the way they go from individual to individual. They give so much notice to the individual they are chatting to at any one minute, realizing that individual their importance, as he or she is the most significant individual in this world. â€Å"Charismatic Leaders give a huge amount of consideration in analyzing and interpreting their surroundings, and they are very fine at judging the nature and behavior of both folks and even of bigger crowd. After that they will try to sharpen their procedures and language to go with the circumstances† (Conger, kanungo, 1998) Introduction Charismatic Leaders apply an ample variety of techniques to handle their figure and, if one is not a charismatic leader by birth, they have to develop those skills and attitude frequently to enhance their existing skills even. They could create faith in the course of noticeable selflessness and going through personal risks on the behalf of their thinking. They always demonstrate huge belief in their supporters. Most of them are very influential and try making very efficient use of body language as well as spoken language to convey their meanings and thoughts. Purposeful charisma can be seen an d understood in dramatic sense, leader can be seen as ‘playing to the house’ to develop a preferred result. Storytelling and making the use of sign and symbol is one the best way to communicate thoughts and ideas. Politicians are often in a habit of following and applying a charismatic style, as they have to assemble a huge number of followers and supporters. By watching videos, listening speeches of charismatic leaders and seeing the way they communicate, interact with others, one can increase their charisma and it will help in developing their existed skills. Many religious leaders also use charisma as the way to communicate, network and influence their followers. Charismatic Leaders, those are developing a group, no matters if it is a political group, a religious or a corporate panel, will always concentrate on developing the group that stands apart from the crowd, and it has to be unique and different, with remarkable appearance. The image of this group as an impact on the minds of followers, therefore it has to be presented as advanced and greater than all other groups. The explanation on top is completely relied on charisma and takes into consideration changeable ethical ways. Most of the other explanations lean to presume a more compassionate belief.

Research paper "New Zealand" Examintation of its business

"New Zealand" Examintation of its business practices - Research Paper Example In the country, the normal business hours are from 8.30 am to 5pm from Monday to Friday. For some businesses, they open on Saturday but not on Sunday and the normal business hours are usually from 9am to 12.30 pm. When intending to meet any business associate, individuals are advised to make an appointment in advance and business meetings are expected to start just after a few minutes of a small talk (Collins, Roper, & Lawrence, 2010). Trust in the business world in New Zealand is considered as a very important factor. Thus, individuals are encouraged to cultivate and build trusting relationships. If an individual’s indicates to a colleague some reasons not to trust them, then it becomes very difficult to rebuild the trust back. Business transaction’s, presentations and negotiations needs to be clear and on the point without a lot of flowery languages, as such practices are frowned upon. Often business negotiations are expected to take time without rush or the application of unnecessary pressure to force the deal through in order to make a sale in an effort of retaining the customer and convincing them appropriately in the right manner (Campbell-Allen, Houston, & Mann, 2008). According to Collins et al., (2010) the New Zealand business community does not allow haggling. In this regards when doing business, it is important not to start with high prices expecting to bargain downwards. Rather business p ersons need to start with realistic figures that provide the customer the required value for their money or they will opt for other alternative options. The accepted language for doing business is English, and very few organizations, and companies will use another language unless the particular language is specifically required for a delegates meeting or an event. When doing business in the country, first impressions are considered important. Therefore, when

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business - Essay Example In addition, he terminated a central IT steering committee and replaced it with another new structure that pushed IT investment decisions to the line organizations. However, these operations were coordinated by the centralized IT organization. A web based service system (Cisco.com) was the primary style in use at the network level so as to spread company’s operations all across the globe. At the data level, the company employed a client-funded-project (CFP) system. This system mainly strengthened each function to control its own IT budgets. The company’s IT department enabled easy integration with acquired business organizations. To conclude, Cisco spent whatever needed on IT aiming at the operational efficiency of the organization. 2. Cisco faced many difficulties with its internal IT by 2001. The September 11 terrorist attacks and resultant internet bubble burst greatly added to the technology failure in Cisco. Lack of common order-status tool was the man issue that c aused severe issues with Cisco’s internal IT. Although, the company had nine different order-status tools at the end of 2001, none of them were providing the desired outcomes. Therefore, the company pumped more and more money toward the development of such customized tools. However, it was necessary to have some efficient customized tools so as to instantaneously check the order-status while interacting with the customers. Therefore, each company business leader separately paid to get some efficient tools that looked up data about customer orders. â€Å"As a result, each of the tools pulled data from different sources that used different definitions for key terms† (Mac Fee et al, 4). This situation caused some confusion in the organization since the multiple databases created conflicts in order-status reports. It was also observed that IT decisions were made without practicing centralized group checking for conflicts and redundancies. Similarly, lack of centralized pla nning was another major problem that had intensified Cisco’s internal IT difficulties. In the case of ERP system also, many groups had built specialized tools. Hence, the Cisco faced many difficulties to upgrade a newer version of the ERP system as it necessitated the disablement of a number of custom interfaces. As a result, the ERP system did not help more in this situation. 3. The Business Process Operating Committee (BPOC) was a cross functional decision making group established by Cisco in late 2002. This committee included major persons at the helm of affairs of the Cisco. The major objective of this group was to set and drive corporate priorities for the company. The BPOC management team mainly focused on its enterprise-wide productivity. As stated in the given case (7), so as to facilitate this function, the BPOC’s leadership dealt with formulation of key operational policy decisions, alignment of similar initiatives across the company, development of Ciscoâ₠¬â„¢s corporate business process framework, and enforcement of decisions with attention to execution and accountability. It must be noted that the BPOC was not established for funding the economic operations of Cisco. On the other hand, its main intention was to provide effective recommendations for the Cisco’s management regarding the company’s IT spending. The BPOC had a precise authority over the company operations since it dealt with projects that were

Importance of History in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) :: Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essays

The Importance of History in 1984 Â   Time is an amazing element of the universe we are in. It is a driving force - we cannot speed it up or slow it down, it perpetually marches forward at a constant speed. After a moment in time has past, it becomes the past, and we have absolutely no way of going back to it to experience it again in a new way. Once time has past, all that remains is our perception of it. History is nothing more than our collective perceptions of the past. And perception is not like time - it is not constant, it can be altered. In George Orwell's 1984, the leaders of the Party use written records to alter the peoples' perception of history, ultimately as a means of control. Â   Everyone has different perceptions of the same reality. Everything that we experience is altered by our individual perceptions. There is one reality, but each person experiences slightly different versions of that reality. The source or reason for this is the individual experiences of each person. Everything we experience in our lives piles up to form our past. Our memory brings back experiences from this heap of the past. These memories combine with the reality we are experiencing in the present to form our individual perception of reality. Â   Everything is perceived differently by each person, and different perceptions of reality vary greatly. An potato is a completely different thing to a farmer and a chef. The idea of music is completely different to a musician and a deaf person. Hitler was a completely different person to a Nazi and a Jew. Even though there is really only one real idea of a potato, one definition of music, and one Hitler, many different realities of these exist within people's perception. Â   History is convoluted by perception. There are two ways of looking at history: through our own memories and perception, and through that of others. It is impossible to preserve history in its ideal form. If we look at history through our own memories, we will not see the reality of history, we will see our individual version of the reality. The same thing happens when we look at history through the memories and perception of others. Media is sometimes used to preserve history, but even this is only a perceived version of history.

Am Certain and It Is Certain

Two very specific different messages are conveyed when one says â€Å"l am certain† versus â€Å"it is certain. When one says â€Å"l am certain,† it is understood by the recipient to mean that the individual is in the highest mental state of being without a doubt. However, this differs from â€Å"It Is certain† because the word â€Å"It† Implies a consensus genteel, an agreement, without a doubt, between many humans In making a knowledge claim. In both cases a knowledge claim Is being made with confidence, but one person's certainty Is based on the Individual's perception, Intuition. Season or emotion, whereas a whole group of mankind making a knowledge claim depends on many different people's perceptions, reasons, and emotions. Since a great number of people consists of many individuals and their unique perceptions, reasons, and emotions, when a knowledge claim is made by all, the claim is transferred from simply a belief to a Justified belief. However, even though the number of people may vary from one to many, we must take into consideration the fact that there are various degrees of certainty.How would one quantify amount of certainty one holds, or be able to create a universal scale for measuring degrees of certainty? Certainty within a people or an individual can have been rooted from many efferent factors, of which one is passionate conviction. The question, addressing passionate conviction, Inquires whether It Is ever sufficient for Justifying knowledge claim. The question Is Implying whether passionate conviction alone, not Including reason, is sufficient for justifying knowledge claims.Passionate conviction that does not take root in reason must be coming from solely the emotional state, which is not sufficient for Justifying knowledge in most cases because further evidence should be presented and should be able to be agreed upon from one's perception (if possible ND reason. â€Å"l am passionately convinced that daffodi ls bloom in the springtime† is a knowledge claim that is based on reason and perception, which fuel the passionate conviction.However, passionate conviction that isn't based on other ways of knowing is usually not sufficient for Justifying claims. However, there are a few instances where passionate convictions may be sufficient for Justifying knowledge. Since passionate conviction Is rooted In emotion, an emotion can dictate your passionate conviction. If I feel empathy for someone being treated abusively, my passionate invention may be enough to Justify my â€Å"knowledge† that the other person desires to not De put tongue ten solution.However, tender are, again many Deterrent levels AT passionate conviction. How would you measure the degree of passionate conviction? Furthermore, is one basis for passionate conviction more valuable than another basis for passionate conviction, and does that change the strength of one's passionate conviction? These are a few knowledge i ssues that need to be identified and taken into consideration when deciding whether passionate conviction is sufficient for justifying knowledge.

Biological, Socio Emotional, And Cognitive Status

There were different theorists that believed that with every behavior comes a reason behind it. These Theories include: Biological, Socio-emotional, and cognitive status. The subject was observed on Saturday 3rd, 2015 at 4 in the afternoon. Genaro Tijerino was born on January 14th, 2012, and he s an American Hispanic three year old boy. He was born in Miami, Florida, his mother is an ESC Teacher and his father works for an import/export company. The subject has a close relationship with both parents, the family practices catholicism and as a ritual they attend church every Sunday. Both parents communicate with the child in both Spanish and English however he communicates mostly in Spanish. According to the parents, he does not attend a day care or school, he stays at his grandparents’ home and is taken care of by the mother’s aunt. He gets dropped off as early as 7:00a.m. and gets picked up by 6:00p.m. The mother had created a schedule where the child had a routine thro ughout the day, but the only source of communication the child had was with the mother s aunt. His mother also mentioned that he does not have any sort of separation anxiety from either parents as they drop him off. The subject is potty- trained and knows how to follow directions. The mother has also stated that she has had complications with her delivery, but the subject was born in a healthy condition and there were no developmental delays observed. Genaro is a social child that is able to verballyShow MoreRelatedEmotional Design : Why We Love Or Hate Everyday Things1723 Words   |  7 PagesEmotions are part of every day life and are critical to how we make decisions. 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The two theories will be described, compared, contrasted and individually evaluated based on the strong points and limitations. The first theory examined is Albert Bandura’s social cognitive/learning theory. A child does not automatically know how to interpret their environment, but

How Human Disease Has Impacted Our Evolution - 1332 Words

How Human Disease Has Impacted Our Evolution Human Disease is an issue that is still constantly trying to be solved and cured in our society. Health care is a critical issue in politics because so many people are still seeking and needing treatment for a variety of illnesses. This is kind of surprising to consider since it is the best time in human history to be alive in terms of healthcare. In the past, humans easily died of many diseases that have been completely cured and unheard of today, such as polio. The Black Plague that happened hundreds of years ago is still widely discussed, and could be argued to still be affecting civilization today, as the event caused severe damage on a vast portion of the population. Events such as these†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, the adaptation of humans to disease may date all the way back to the bottleneck that would eventually change our ancestors into behaviorally modern humans. A theory has been proposed that the activation of two genes that affect the human immune system created the modern human around 100,000 years ago. According to the study’s theory, humans have been adapting to disease for thousands of years. Clearly, disease and the adaptations of humans are correlated to their environment (LaFee, S., 2012). Historical events, such as the agricultural revolution and the bottleneck of genes, has forever altered humans’ resistance and as time continued, the significance of medicine only intensifies. The emphasis on medicine and disease prevention caused the second epidemiological transition. The first epidemiological transition occurred during the agricultural revolution and contrary to before, the second transition only occurred in certain global populations. Many infectious diseases were eliminated; however, many chronic diseases became the main area of focus. Chronic diseases led to humans shifting their priorities in terms of lifestyle and adaptations, especially in first world countries. Foods high in fat and sugars became the norm. This caused people with certain genetic codes and personality traits to gain weight at an alarming rate, leading to an obesity epidemic. The combinations of earlier deaths were related toShow MoreRelatedHuman Enhancement And Its Impact On Us Essa y1057 Words   |  5 PagesWe, as humans, have been constantly attempting to improve ourselves through technology and medicine. Whether these improvements increase physical attractiveness through cosmetic and plastic surgeries, or decrease likelihood of hereditary diseases and disorders in embryos, they have recently become a very controversial topic in all societies around the world. 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Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria .The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). these nitrogen bases are bind withRead MoreThe Department Of Human Health Services1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe HHS (U.S Department of Human Health Services) was established to enhance as well as protection for all citizens of America. They provide useful Human services and developed advances in medicine, public health, and social services. These facilities and agency are government based with mission to provide the public with health insurance and services. Overtime there have been a great deal of historical highlights that sh ape what Human Health Services is today. Today we have Medicare, Medicaid,Read MoreWhat Is The Human Genome Project?1619 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Is The Human Genome Project? 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South Africa Land Reform Essay - 1368 Words

Land reform is generally defined as relating to the modification of laws, regulations or customs, on the subject of land ownership. It usually encompasses allocations of land ownerships or rights. These transfers could be from a small land owner to government owned cooperative allotments or vice versa. Land reform is an extreme political progression that could cause tensions and conflicts between the individuals involved in the rearrangements, usually originating from dissatisfaction from the losing side. The political aspect of reform is very difficult to elude given the outcome of changes in land tenure arrangements on the social and class structure they represent. There are both advantages and disadvantages to land reform. One of the†¦show more content†¦Most of the time people don’t care who doesn’t have as long as they have enough and able to accumulate more. so in this process there might be a need for protest and violence which might end up claiming a lot of lives. For example the land reform of Zimbabwe took three decades before it was finalized and resolved. A child born when it was started/ initiated was thirty years old by the time it ended. In the Philippines, indigenous people are subjected to major financial hindrances and complications to obtaining their lands under the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act, as the expenses of carrying out land surveys have to be taken care of by the communities. Some communities are even fractionally repossessing their lands, to reduce the survey expenses to what they can have the funds for. And in the case of south Africa, Land reform has fallen far short of expectations an d objectives in every respect: in the quantity of land reallocated, in the mitigation of poverty and unemployment, in the reformation of the agrarian budget to generate opportunities for previously underprivileged individuals and in protecting small farmers and farm workers from eviction. Less than 7% of land has been redistributed to date, and there is no probability that the objective of 1/3 will be accomplished even by the year 2025. Land queries haveShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Gender Inequality1576 Words   |  7 Pagesalready earn less than men in economic spheres (â€Å"Fact Sheet†, 2010). The underlying gender roles and gender inequality that persists in South Africa help not only to explain their unbelievably difficult daily burdens but it also aids in the understanding of the lack of economic and political representation of women in the region (Bentley, 2004). Within South Africa there is a significant gap in the lack of opportunity and representation of women within the economic and political sphere, which directlyRead MoreThe Multifaceted State Of South Africa Underwent Vast Reconstruction1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe multifaceted state of South Africa underwent vast reconstruction after the end of the apartheid in 1994 and experienced transformative changes in the racial, economic and societal relations of the region. Aside from the divisions and devastations the country faced as a result of apartheid the country also opened its economy to international business, deregulating major sectors of its economy and engaging in trade liberalization policies in an attempt to spur economic growth and internationalRead MoreEssay about South Africa and the Native ´s Land Act540 Words   |  3 PagesSouth Africa has been plagued with issues concerning land, poverty and inequality for decades. 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Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregationRead MoreAnalysis Of Kaffir Boy : The True Story Of A Black Youth Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority. Historically, the apartheid of South Africa is a poignant example of racial division and discrimination. Evidence of racial division is still visible throughout the fairly new democratic nation. European settlements during the 20th century were a direct result of white supremacy and deep racial division, in an attempt to build up a capitalist economy that benefited the white South African elite and lowered the social status of many black S outh Africans in the community. Various peopleRead More Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe2326 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Comparative politics is concerned with examining the characteristics or qualities of two different political entities to discover resemblances or differences. These entities can be general in nature, for example, the comparison of two countries, or more specific in nature, comparing two different systems of government. But, whether general or specific in nature, comparative politics tries toRead MoreCelie Rourks . English 1 - 7Th Period. 05-01-17. Research1606 Words   |  7 PagesCelie Rourks English 1 - 7th Period 05-01-17 RESEARCH PAPER Who was Nelson Mandela and how did he have an impact on racial problems in South Africa? 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Chapter 9 The Dark Mark Free Essays

â€Å"Don’t tell your mother you’ve been gambling,† Mr. Weasley implored Fred and George as they all made their way slowly down the purple-carpeted stairs. â€Å"Don’t worry, Dad,† said Fred gleefully, â€Å"we’ve got big plans for this money. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 9 The Dark Mark or any similar topic only for you Order Now We don’t want it confiscated.† Mr. Weasley looked for a moment as though he was going to ask what these big plans were, but seemed to decide, upon reflection, that he didn’t want to know. They were soon caught up in the crowds now flooding out of the stadium and back to their campsites. Raucous singing was borne toward them on the night air as they retraced their steps along the lantern-lit path, and leprechauns kept shooting over their heads, cackling and waving their lanterns. When they finally reached the tents, nobody felt like sleeping at all, and given the level of noise around them, Mr. Weasley agreed that they could all have one last cup of cocoa together before turning in. They were soon arguing enjoyably about the match; Mr. Weasley got drawn into a disagreement about cobbing with Charlie, and it was only when Ginny fell asleep right at the tiny table and spilled hot chocolate all over the floor that Mr. Weasley called a halt to the verbal replays and insisted that everyone go to bed. Hermione and Ginny went into the next tent, and Harry and the rest of the Weasleys changed into pajamas and clambered into their bunks. From the other side of the campsite they could still hear much singing and the odd echoing bang. â€Å"Oh I am glad I’m not on duty,† muttered Mr. Weasley sleepily. â€Å"I wouldn’t fancy having to go and tell the Irish they’ve got to stop celebrating.† Harry, who was on a top bunk above Ron, lay staring up at the canvas ceiling of the tent, watching the glow of an occasional leprechaun lantern flying overhead, and picturing again some of Krum’s more spectacular moves. He was itching to get back on his own Firebolt and try out the Wronski Feint†¦.Somehow Oliver Wood had never managed to convey with all his wriggling diagrams what that move was supposed to look like†¦.Harry saw himself in robes that had his name on the back, and imagined the sensation of hearing a hundred-thousand-strong crowd roar, as Ludo Bagman’s voice echoed throughout the stadium, â€Å"I give you†¦.Potter!† Harry never knew whether or not he had actually dropped off to sleep – his fantasies of flying like Krum might well have slipped into actual dreams – all he knew was that, quite suddenly, Mr. Weasley was shouting. â€Å"Get up! Ron – Harry – come on now, get up, this is urgent!† Harry sat up quickly and the top of his head hit canvas. â€Å"‘S’ matter?† he said. Dimly, he could tell that something was wrong. The noises in the campsite had changed. The singing had stopped. He could hear screams, and the sound of people running. He slipped down from the bunk and reached for his clothes, but Mr. Weasley, who had pulled on his jeans over his own pajamas, said, â€Å"No time, Harry – just grab a jacket and get outside – quickly!† Harry did as he was told and hurried out of the tent, Ron at his heels. By the light of the few fires that were still burning, he could see people running away into the woods, fleeing something that was moving across the field toward them, something that was emitting odd flashes of light and noises like gunfire. Loud jeering, roars of laughter, and drunken yells were drifting toward them; then came a burst of strong green light, which illuminated the scene. A crowd of wizards, tightly packed and moving together with wands pointing straight upward, was marching slowly across the field. Harry squinted at them†¦.They didn’t seem to have faces†¦.Then he realized that their heads were hooded and their faces masked. High above them, floating along in midair, four struggling figures were being contorted into grotesque shapes. It was as though the masked wizards on the ground were puppeteers, and the people above them were marionettes operated by invisible strings that rose from the wands into the air. Two of the figures were very small. More wizards were joining the marching group, laughing and pointing up at the floating bodies. Tents crumpled and fell as the marching crowd swelled. Once or twice Harry saw one of the marchers blast a tent out of his way with his wand. Several caught fire. The screaming grew louder. The floating people were suddenly illuminated as they passed over a burning tent and Harry recognized one of them: Mr. Roberts, the campsite manager. The other three looked as though they might be his wife and children. One of the marchers below flipped Mrs. Roberts upside down with his wand; her nightdress fell down to reveal voluminous drawers and she struggled to cover herself up as the crowd below her screeched and hooted with glee. â€Å"That’s sick,† Ron muttered, watching the smallest Muggle child, who had begun to spin like a top, sixty feet above the ground, his head flopping limply from side to side. â€Å"That is really sick†¦.† Hermione and Ginny came hurrying toward them, pulling coats over their nightdresses, with Mr. Weasley right behind them. At the same moment, Bill, Charlie, and Percy emerged from the boys’ tent, fully dressed, with their sleeves rolled up and their wands out. â€Å"We’re going to help the Ministry!† Mr. Weasley shouted over all the noise, rolling up his own sleeves. â€Å"You lot – get into the woods, and stick together. I’ll come and fetch you when we’ve sorted this out!† Bill, Charlie, and Percy were already sprinting away toward the oncoming marchers; Mr. Weasley tore after them. Ministry wizards were dashing from every direction toward the source of the trouble. The crowd beneath the Roberts family was coming ever closer. â€Å"C’mon,† said Fred, grabbing Ginny’s hand and starting to pull her toward the wood. Harry, Ron, Hermione, and George followed. They all looked back as they reached the trees. The crowd beneath the Roberts family was larger than ever; they could see the Ministry wizards trying to get through it to the hooded wizards in the center, but they were having great difficulty. It looked as though they were scared to perform any spell that might make the Roberts family fall. The colored lanterns that had lit the path to the stadium had been extinguished. Dark figures were blundering through the trees; children were crying; anxious shouts and panicked voices were reverberating around them in the cold night air. Harry felt himself being pushed hither and thither by people whose faces he could not see. Then he heard Ron yell with pain. â€Å"What happened?† said Hermione anxiously, stopping so abruptly that Harry walked into her. â€Å"Ron, where are you? Oh this is stupid – lumos!† She illuminated her wand and directed its narrow beam across the path. Ron was lying sprawled on the ground. â€Å"Tripped over a tree root,† he said angrily, getting to his feet again. â€Å"Well, with feet that size, hard not to,† said a drawling voice from behind them. Harry, Ron, and Hermione turned sharply. Draco Malfoy was standing alone nearby, leaning against a tree, looking utterly relaxed. His arms folded, he seemed to have been watching the scene at the campsite through a gap in the trees. Ron told Malfoy to do something that Harry knew he would never have dared say in front of Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"Language, Weasley,† said Malfoy, his pale eyes glittering. â€Å"Hadn’t you better be hurrying along, now? You wouldn’t like her spotted, would you?† He nodded at Hermione, and at the same moment, a blast like a bomb sounded from the campsite, and a flash of green light momentarily lit the trees around them. â€Å"What’s that supposed to mean?† said Hermione defiantly. â€Å"Granger, they’re after Muggles, â€Å"said Malfoy. â€Å"D’you want to be showing off your knickers in midair? Because if you do, hang around†¦.they’re moving this way, and it would give us all a laugh.† â€Å"Hermione’s a witch,† Harry snarled. â€Å"Have it your own way, Potter,† said Malfoy, grinning maliciously. â€Å"If you think they can’t spot a Mudblood, stay where you are.† â€Å"You watch your mouth!† shouted Ron. Everybody present knew that â€Å"Mudblood† was a very offensive term for a witch or wizard of Muggle parentage. â€Å"Never mind, Ron,† said Hermione quickly, seizing Ron’s arm to restrain him as he took a step toward Malfoy. There came a bang from the other side of the trees that was louder than anything they had heard. Several people nearby screamed. Malfoy chuckled softly. â€Å"Scare easily, don’t they?† he said lazily. â€Å"I suppose your daddy told you all to hide? What’s he up to – trying to rescue the Muggles?† â€Å"Where’re your parents?† said Harry, his temper rising. â€Å"Out there wearing masks, are they?† Malfoy turned his face to Harry, still smiling. â€Å"Well†¦if they were, I wouldn’t be likely to tell you, would I, Potter?† â€Å"Oh come on,† said Hermione, with a disgusted look at Malfoy, â€Å"let’s go and find the others.† â€Å"Keep that big bushy head down, Granger,† sneered Malfoy. â€Å"Come on,† Hermione repeated, and she pulled Harry and Ron up the path again. â€Å"I’ll bet you anything his dad is one of that masked lot!† said Ron hotly. â€Å"Well, with any luck, the Ministry will catch him!† said Hermione fervently. â€Å"Oh I can’t believe this. Where have the others got to?† Fred, George, and Ginny were nowhere to be seen, though the path was packed with plenty of other people, all looking nervously over their shoulders toward the commotion back at the campsite. A huddle of teenagers in pajamas was arguing vociferously a little way along the path. When they saw Harry, Ron, and Hermione, a girl with thick curly hair turned and said quickly, â€Å"O est Madame Maxime? Nous l’avons perdue -â€Å" â€Å"Er – what?† said Ron. â€Å"Oh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The girl who had spoken turned her back on him, and as they walked on they distinctly heard her say, â€Å"‘Ogwarts.† â€Å"Beauxbatons,† muttered Hermione. â€Å"Sorry?† said Harry. â€Å"They must go to Beauxbatons,† said Hermione. â€Å"You know†¦Beauxbatons Academy of Magic†¦.I read about it in An Appraisal of Magical Education in Europe.† â€Å"Oh†¦yeah†¦right,† said Harry. â€Å"Fred and George can’t have gone that far,† said Ron, pulling out his wand, lighting it like Hermione’s, and squinting up the path. Harry dug in the pockets of his jacket for his own wand – but it wasn’t there. The only thing he could find was his Omnioculars. â€Å"Ah, no, I don’t believe it†¦I’ve lost my wand!† â€Å"You’re kidding!† Ron and Hermione raised their wands high enough to spread the narrow beams of light farther on the ground; Harry looked all around him, but his wand was nowhere to be seen. â€Å"Maybe it’s back in the tent,† said Ron. â€Å"Maybe it fell out of your pocket when we were running?† Hermione suggested anxiously. â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry, â€Å"maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He usually kept his wand with him at all times in the wizarding world, and finding himself without it in the midst of a scene like this made him feel very vulnerable. A rustling noise nearby made all three of them jump. Winky the house-elf was fighting her way out of a clump of bushes nearby. She was moving in a most peculiar fashion, apparently with great difficulty; it was as though someone invisible were trying to hold her back. â€Å"There is bad wizards about!† she squeaked distractedly as she leaned forward and labored to keep running. â€Å"People high – high in the air! Winky is getting out of the way!† And she disappeared into the trees on the other side of the path, panting and squeaking as she fought the force that was restraining her. â€Å"What’s up with her?† said Ron, looking curiously after Winky. â€Å"Why can’t she run properly?† â€Å"Bet she didn’t ask permission to hide,† said Harry. He was thinking of Dobby: Every time he had tried to do something the Malfoys wouldn’t like, the house-elf had been forced to start beating himself up. â€Å"You know, house-elves get a very raw deal!† said Hermione indignantly. â€Å"It’s slavery, that’s what it is! That Mr. Crouch made her go up to the top of the stadium, and she was terrified, and he’s got her bewitched so she can’t even run when they start trampling tents! Why doesn’t anyone do something about it?† â€Å"Well, the elves are happy, aren’t they?† Ron said. â€Å"You heard old Winky back at the match†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢House-elves is not supposed to have fun’†¦that’s what she likes, being bossed around†¦.† â€Å"It’s people like you, Ron,† Hermione began hotly, â€Å"who prop up rotten and unjust systems, just because they’re too lazy to -â€Å" Another loud bang echoed from the edge of the wood. â€Å"Let’s just keep moving, shall we?† said Ron, and Harry saw him glance edgily at Hermione. Perhaps there was truth in what Malfoy had said; perhaps Hermione was in more danger than they were. They set off again, Harry still searching his pockets, even though he knew his wand wasn’t there. They followed the dark path deeper into the wood, still keeping an eye out for Fred, George, and Ginny. They passed a group of goblins who were cackling over a sack of gold that they had undoubtedly won betting on the match, and who seemed quite unperturbed by the trouble at the campsite. Farther still along the path, they walked into a patch of silvery light, and when they looked through the trees, they saw three tall and beautiful veela standing in a clearing, surrounded by a gaggle of young wizards, all of whom were talking very loudly. â€Å"I pull down about a hundred sacks of Galleons a year!† one of them shouted. â€Å"I’m a dragon killer for the Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures.† â€Å"No, you’re not!† yelled his friend. â€Å"You’re a dishwasher at the Leaky Cauldron†¦but I’m a vampire hunter, I’ve killed about ninety so far -â€Å" A third young wizard, whose pimples were visible even by the dim, silvery light of the veela, now cut in, â€Å"I’m about to become the youngest ever Minister of Magic, I am.† Harry snorted with laughter. He recognized the pimply wizard: His name was Stan Shunpike, and he was in fact a conductor on the triple-decker Knight Bus. He turned to tell Ron this, but Ron’s face had gone oddly slack, and next second Ron was yelling, â€Å"Did I tell you I’ve invented a broomstick that’ll reach Jupiter?† â€Å"Honestly!† said Hermione, and she and Harry grabbed Ron firmly by the arms, wheeled him around, and marched him away. By the time the sounds of the veela and their admirers had faded completely, they were in the very heart of the wood. They seemed to be alone now; everything was much quieter. Harry looked around. â€Å"I reckon we can just wait here, you know. We’ll hear anyone coming a mile off.† The words were hardly out of his mouth, when Ludo Bagman emerged from behind a tree right ahead of them. Even by the feeble light of the two wands, Harry could see that a great change had come over Bagman. He no longer looked buoyant and rosy-faced; there was no more spring in his step. He looked very white and strained. â€Å"Who’s that?† he said, blinking down at them, trying to make out their faces. â€Å"What are you doing in here, all alone?† They looked at one another, surprised. â€Å"Well – there’s a sort of riot going on,† said Ron. Bagman stared at him. â€Å"What?† â€Å"At the campsite†¦some people have got hold of a family of Muggles†¦.† Bagman swore loudly. â€Å"Damn them!† he said, looking quite distracted, and without another word, he Disapparated with a small pop! â€Å"Not exactly on top of things, Mr. Bagman, is he?† said Hermione, frowning. â€Å"He was a great Beater, though,† said Ron, leading the way off the path into a small clearing, and sitting down on a patch of dry grass at the foot of a tree. â€Å"The Wimbourne Wasps won the league three times in a row while he was with them.† He took his small figure of Krum out of his pocket, set it down on the ground, and watched it walk around. Like the real Krum, the model was slightly duck-footed and round-shouldered, much less impressive on his splayed feet than on his broomstick. Harry was listening for noise from the campsite. Everything seemed much quieter; perhaps the riot was over. â€Å"I hope the others are okay,† said Hermione after a while. â€Å"They’ll be fine,† said Ron. â€Å"Imagine if your dad catches Lucius Malfoy,† said Harry, sitting down next to Ron and watching the small figure of Krum slouching over the fallen leaves. â€Å"He’s always said he’d like to get something on him.† â€Å"That’d wipe the smirk off old Draco’s face, all right,† said Ron. â€Å"Those poor Muggles, though,† said Hermione nervously. â€Å"What if they can’t get them down?† â€Å"They will,† said Ron reassuringly. â€Å"They’ll find a way.† â€Å"Mad, though, to do something like that when the whole Ministry of Magic’s out here tonight!† said Hermione. â€Å"I mean, how do they expect to get away with it? Do you think they’ve been drinking, or are they just -â€Å" But she broke off abruptly and looked over her shoulder. Harry and Ron looked quickly around too. It sounded as though someone was staggering toward their clearing. They waited, listening to the sounds of the uneven steps behind the dark trees. But the footsteps came to a sudden halt. â€Å"Hello?† called Harry. There was silence. Harry got to his feet and peered around the tree. It was too dark to see very far, but he could sense somebody standing just beyond the range of his vision. â€Å"Who’s there?† he said. And then, without warning, the silence was rent by a voice unlike any they had heard in the wood; and it uttered, not a panicked shout, but what sounded like a spell. â€Å"MORSMORDRE!† And something vast, green, and glittering erupted from the patch of darkness Harry’s eyes had been struggling to penetrate; it flew up over the treetops and into the sky. â€Å"What the -?† gasped Ron as he sprang to his feet again, staring up at the thing that had appeared. For a split second, Harry thought it was another leprechaun formation. Then he realized that it was a colossal skull, comprised of what looked like emerald stars, with a serpent protruding from its mouth like a tongue. As they watched, it rose higher and higher, blazing in a haze of greenish smoke, etched against the black sky like a new constellation. Suddenly, the wood all around them erupted with screams. Harry didn’t understand why, but the only possible cause was the sudden appearance of the skull, which had now risen high enough to illuminate the entire wood like some grisly neon sign. He scanned the darkness for the person who had conjured the skull, but he couldn’t see anyone. â€Å"Who’s there?† he called again. â€Å"Harry, come on, move!† Hermione had seized the collar of his jacket and was tugging him backward. â€Å"What’s the matter?† Harry said, startled to see her face so white and terrified. â€Å"It’s the Dark Mark, Harry!† Hermione moaned, pulling him as hard as she could. â€Å"You-Know-Who’s sign!† â€Å"Voldemort’s – ?† â€Å"Harry, come on!† Harry turned – Ron was hurriedly scooping up his miniature Krum – the three of them started across the clearing – but before they had taken a few hurried steps, a series of popping noises announced the arrival of twenty wizards, appearing from thin air, surrounding them. Harry whirled around, and in an instant, he registered one fact: Each of these wizards had his wand out, and every wand was pointing right at himself, Ron, and Hermione. Without pausing to think, he yelled, â€Å"DUCK!† He seized the other two and pulled them down onto the ground. â€Å"STUPEFY!† roared twenty voices – there was a blinding series of flashes and Harry felt the hair on his head ripple as though a powerful wind had swept the clearing. Raising his head a fraction of an inch he saw jets of fiery red light flying over them from the wizards’ wands, crossing one another, bouncing off tree trunks, rebounding into the darkness – â€Å"Stop!† yelled a voice he recognized. â€Å"STOP! That’s my son!† Harry’s hair stopped blowing about. He raised his head a little higher. The wizard in front of him had lowered his wand. He rolled over and saw Mr. Weasley striding toward them, looking terrified. â€Å"Ron – Harry† – his voice sounded shaky – â€Å"Hermione – are you all right?† â€Å"Out of the way, Arthur,† said a cold, curt voice. It was Mr. Crouch. He and the other Ministry wizards were closing in on them. Harry got to his feet to face them. Mr. Crouch’s face was taut with rage. â€Å"Which of you did it?† he snapped, his sharp eyes darting between them. â€Å"Which of you conjured the Dark Mark?† â€Å"We didn’t do that!† said Harry, gesturing up at the skull. â€Å"We didn’t do anything!† said Ron, who was rubbing his elbow and looking indignantly at his father. â€Å"What did you want to attack us for?† â€Å"Do not lie, sir!† shouted Mr. Crouch. His wand was still pointing directly at Ron, and his eyes were popping – he looked slightly mad. â€Å"You have been discovered at the scene of the crime!† â€Å"Barty,† whispered a witch in a long woolen dressing gown, â€Å"they’re kids, Barty, they’d never have been able to -â€Å" â€Å"Where did the Mark come from, you three?† said Mr. Weasley quickly. â€Å"Over there,† said Hermione shakily, pointing at the place where they had heard the voice. â€Å"There was someone behind the trees†¦they shouted words – an incantation -â€Å" â€Å"Oh, stood over there, did they?† said Mr. Crouch, turning his popping eyes on Hermione now, disbelief etched all over his face. â€Å"Said an incantation, did they? You seem very well informed about how that Mark is summoned, missy -â€Å" But none of the Ministry wizards apart from Mr. Crouch seemed to think it remotely likely that Harry, Ron, or Hermione had conjured the skull; on the contrary, at Hermione’s words, they had all raised their wands again and were pointing in the direction she had indicated, squinting through the dark trees. â€Å"We’re too late,† said the witch in the woolen dressing gown, shaking her head. â€Å"They’ll have Disapparated.† â€Å"I don’t think so,† said a wizard with a scrubby brown beard. It was Amos Diggory, Cedric’s father. â€Å"Our Stunners went right through those trees†¦.There’s a good chance we got them†¦.† â€Å"Amos, be careful!† said a few of the wizards warningly as Mr. Diggory squared his shoulders, raised his wand, marched across the clearing, and disappeared into the darkness. Hermione watched him vanish with her hands over her mouth. A few seconds later, they heard Mr. Diggory shout. â€Å"Yes! We got them! There’s someone here! Unconscious! It’s – but – blimey†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You’ve got someone?† shouted Mr. Crouch, sounding highly disbelieving. â€Å"Who? Who is it?† They heard snapping twigs, the rustling of leaves, and then crunching footsteps as Mr. Diggory reemerged from behind the trees. He was carrying a tiny, limp figure in his arms. Harry recognized the tea towel at once. It was Winky. Mr. Crouch did not move or speak as Mr. Diggory deposited his elf on the ground at his feet. The other Ministry wizards were all staring at Mr. Crouch. For a few seconds Crouch remained transfixed, his eyes blazing in his white face as he stared down at Winky. Then he appeared to come to life again. â€Å"This – cannot – be,† he said jerkily. â€Å"No -â€Å" He moved quickly around Mr. Diggory and strode off toward the place where he had found Winky. â€Å"No point, Mr. Crouch,† Mr. Diggory called after him. â€Å"There’s no one else there.† But Mr. Crouch did not seem prepared to take his word for it. They could hear him moving around and the rustling of leaves as he pushed the bushes aside, searching. â€Å"Bit embarrassing,† Mr. Diggory said grimly, looking down at Winky’s unconscious form. â€Å"Barty Crouch’s house-elf†¦.I mean to say†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Come off it, Amos,† said Mr. Weasley quietly, â€Å"you don’t seriously think it was the elf? The Dark Mark’s a wizard’s sign. It requires a wand.† â€Å"Yeah,† said Mr. Diggory, â€Å"and she had a wand.† â€Å"What?† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Here, look.† Mr. Diggory held up a wand and showed it to Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Had it in her hand. So that’s clause three of the Code of Wand Use broken, for a start. No non-human creature is permitted to carry or use a wand.† Just then there was another pop, and Ludo Bagman Apparated right next to Mr. Weasley. Looking breathless and disorientated, he spun on the spot, goggling upward at the emerald-green skull. â€Å"The Dark Mark!† he panted, almost trampling Winky as he turned inquiringly to his colleagues. â€Å"Who did it? Did you get them? Barry! What’s going on?† Mr. Crouch had returned empty-handed. His face was still ghostly white, and his hands and his toothbrush mustache were both twitching. â€Å"Where have you been, Barty?† said Bagman. â€Å"Why weren’t you at the match? Your elf was saving you a seat too – gulping gargoyles!† Bagman had just noticed Winky lying at his feet. â€Å"What happened to her?† â€Å"I have been busy, Ludo,† said Mr. Crouch, still talking in the same jerky fashion, barely moving his lips. â€Å"And my elf has been stunned.† â€Å"Stunned? By you lot, you mean? But why -?† Comprehension dawned suddenly on Bagman’s round, shiny face; he looked up at the skull, down at Winky, and then at Mr. Crouch. â€Å"No!† he said. â€Å"Winky? Conjure the Dark Mark? She wouldn’t know how! She’d need a wand, for a start!† â€Å"And she had one,† said Mr. Diggory. â€Å"I found her holding one, Ludo. If it’s all right with you, Mr. Crouch, I think we should hear what she’s got to say for herself.† Crouch gave no sign that he had heard Mr. Diggory, but Mr. Diggory seemed to take his silence for assent. He raised his own wand, pointed it at Winky, and said, â€Å"Ennervate!† Winky stirred feebly. Her great brown eyes opened and she blinked several times in a bemused sort of way. Watched by the silent wizards, she raised herself shakily into a sitting position. She caught sight of Mr. Diggory’s feet, and slowly, tremulously, raised her eyes to stare up into his face; then, more slowly still, she looked up into the sky. Harry could see the floating skull reflected twice in her enormous, glassy eyes. She gave a gasp, looked wildly around the crowded clearing, and burst into terrified sobs. â€Å"Elf!† said Mr. Diggory sternly. â€Å"Do you know who I am? I’m a member of the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures!† Winky began to rock backward and forward on the ground, her breath coming in sharp bursts. Harry was reminded forcibly of Dobby in his moments of terrified disobedience. â€Å"As you see, elf, the Dark Mark was conjured here a short while ago,† said Mr. Diggory. â€Å"And you were discovered moments later, right beneath it! An explanation, if you please!† â€Å"I – I – I is not doing it, sir!† Winky gasped. â€Å"I is not knowing how, sir!† â€Å"You were found with a wand in your hand!† barked Mr. Diggory, brandishing it in front of her. And as the wand caught the green light that was filling the clearing from the skull above, Harry recognized it â€Å"Hey – that’s mine!† he said Everyone in the clearing looked at him. â€Å"Excuse me?† said Mr. Diggory, incredulously. â€Å"That’s my wand!† said Harry. â€Å"I dropped it!† â€Å"You dropped it?† repeated Mr. Diggory in disbelief. â€Å"Is this a confession? You threw it aside after you conjured the Mark?† â€Å"Amos, think who you’re talking to!† said Mr. Weasley, very angrily. â€Å"Is Harry Potter likely to conjure the Dark Mark?† â€Å"Er – of course not,† mumbled Mr. Diggory. â€Å"Sorry†¦carried away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I didn’t drop it there, anyway,† said Harry, jerking his thumb toward the trees beneath the skull. â€Å"I missed it right after we got into the wood.† â€Å"So,† said Mr. Diggory, his eyes hardening as he turned to look at Winky again, cowering at his feet. â€Å"You found this wand, eh, elf? And you picked it up and thought you’d have some fun with it, did you?† â€Å"I is not doing magic with it, sir!† squealed Winky, tears streaming down the sides of her squashed and bulbous nose. â€Å"I is†¦I is†¦I is just picking it up, sir! I is not making the Dark Mark, sir, I is not knowing how!† â€Å"It wasn’t her!† said Hermione. She looked very nervous, speaking up in front of all these Ministry wizards, yet determined all the same. â€Å"Winky’s got a squeaky little voice, and the voice we heard doing the incantation was much deeper!† She looked around at Harry and Ron, appealing for their support. â€Å"It didn’t sound anything like Winky, did it?† â€Å"No,† said Harry, shaking his head. â€Å"It definitely didn’t sound like an elf.† â€Å"Yeah, it was a human voice,† said Ron. â€Å"Well, we’ll soon see,† growled Mr. Diggory, looking unimpressed. â€Å"There’s a simple way of discovering the last spell a wand performed, elf, did you know that?† Winky trembled and shook her head frantically, her ears flapping, as Mr. Diggory raised his own wand again and placed it tip to tip with Harry’s. â€Å"Prior Incantato!† roared Mr. Diggory. Harry heard Hermione gasp, horrified, as a gigantic serpent-tongued skull erupted from the point where the two wands met, but it was a mere shadow of the green skull high above them; it looked as though it were made of thick gray smoke: the ghost of a spell. â€Å"Deletrius!† Mr. Diggory shouted, and the smoky skull vanished in a wisp of smoke. â€Å"So,† said Mr. Diggory with a kind of savage triumph, looking down upon Winky, who was still shaking convulsively. â€Å"I is not doing it!† she squealed, her eyes rolling in terror. â€Å"I is not, I is not, I is not knowing how! I is a good elf, I isn’t using wands, I isn’t knowing how!† â€Å"You’ve been caught red-handed, elf!† Mr. Diggory roared. â€Å"Caught with the guilty wand in your hand!† â€Å"Amos,† said Mr. Weasley loudly, â€Å"think about it†¦precious few wizards know how to do that spell†¦.Where would she have learned it?† â€Å"Perhaps Amos is suggesting,† said Mr. Crouch, cold anger in every syllable, â€Å"that I routinely teach my servants to conjure the Dark Mark?† There was a deeply unpleasant silence. Amos Diggory looked horrified. â€Å"Mr. Crouch†¦not†¦not at all. â€Å"You have now come very close to accusing the two people in this clearing who are least likely to conjure that Mark!† barked Mr. Crouch. â€Å"Harry Potter – and myself. I suppose you are familiar with the boy’s story, Amos?† â€Å"Of course – everyone knows -† muttered Mr. Diggory, looking highly discomforted. â€Å"And I trust you remember the many proofs I have given, over a long career, that I despise and detest the Dark Arts and those who practice them?† Mr. Crouch shouted, his eyes bulging again. â€Å"Mr. Crouch, I – I never suggested you had anything to do with it!† Amos Diggory muttered again, now reddening behind his scrubby brown beard. â€Å"If you accuse my elf, you accuse me, Diggory!† shouted Mr. Crouch. â€Å"Where else would she have learned to conjure it?† â€Å"She – she might’ve picked it up anywhere -â€Å" â€Å"Precisely, Amos,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"She might have picked it up anywhere†¦.Winky?† he said kindly, turning to the elf, but she flinched as though he too was shouting at her. â€Å"Where exactly did you find Harry’s wand?† Winky was twisting the hem of her tea towel so violently that it was fraying beneath her fingers. â€Å"I – I is finding it†¦finding it there, sir†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she whispered, â€Å"there†¦in the trees, sir. â€Å"You see, Amos?† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Whoever conjured the Mark could have Disapparated right after they’d done it, leaving Harry’s wand behind. A clever thing to do, not using their own wand, which could have betrayed them. And Winky here had the misfortune to come across the wand moments later and pick it up.† â€Å"But then, she’d have been only a few feet away from the real culprit!† said Mr. Diggory impatiently. â€Å"Elf? Did you see anyone?† Winky began to tremble worse than ever. Her giant eyes flickered from Mr. Diggory, to Ludo Bagman, and onto Mr. Crouch. Then she gulped and said, â€Å"I is seeing no one, sir†¦no one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Amos,† said Mr. Crouch curtly, â€Å"I am fully aware that, in the ordinary course of events, you would want to take Winky into your department for questioning. I ask you, however, to allow me to deal with her.† Mr. Diggory looked as though he didn’t think much of this suggestion at all, but it was clear to Harry that Mr. Crouch was such an important member of the Ministry that he did not dare refuse him. â€Å"You may rest assured that she will be punished,† Mr. Crouch added coldly. â€Å"M-m-master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Winky stammered, looking up at Mr. Crouch, her eyes brimming with tears. â€Å"M-m-master, p-p-please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mr. Crouch stared back, his face somehow sharpened, each line upon it more deeply etched. There was no pity in his gaze. â€Å"Winky has behaved tonight in a manner I would not have believed possible,† he said slowly. â€Å"I told her to remain in the tent. I told her to stay there while I went to sort out the trouble. And I find that she disobeyed me. This means clothes.† â€Å"No!† shrieked Winky, prostrating herself at Mr. Crouch’s feet. â€Å"No, master! Not clothes, not clothes!† Harry knew that the only way to turn a house-elf free was to present it with proper garments. It was pitiful to see the way Winky clutched at her tea towel as she sobbed over Mr. Crouch’s feet. â€Å"But she was frightened!† Hermione burst out angrily, glaring at Mr. Crouch. â€Å"Your elf’s scared of heights, and those wizards in masks were levitating people! You can’t blame her for wanting to get out of their way!† Mr. Crouch took a step backward, freeing himself from contact with the elf, whom he was surveying as though she were something filthy and rotten that was contaminating his over-shined shoes. â€Å"I have no use for a house-elf who disobeys me,† he said coldly, looking over at Hermione. â€Å"I have no use for a servant who forgets what is due to her master, and to her master’s reputation.† Winky was crying so hard that her sobs echoed around the clearing. There was a very nasty silence, which was ended by Mr. Weasley, who said quietly, â€Å"Well, I think I’ll take my lot back to the tent, if nobody’s got any objections. Amos, that wand’s told us all it can – if Harry could have it back, please -â€Å" Mr. Diggory handed Harry his wand and Harry pocketed it. â€Å"Come on, you three,† Mr. Weasley said quietly. But Hermione didn’t seem to want to move; her eyes were still upon the sobbing elf. â€Å"Hermione!† Mr. Weasley said, more urgently. She turned and followed Harry and Ron out of the clearing and off through the trees. â€Å"What’s going to happen to Winky?† said Hermione, the moment they had left the clearing. â€Å"I don’t know,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"The way they were treating her!† said Hermione furiously. â€Å"Mr. Diggory, calling her ‘elf’ all the time†¦and Mr. Crouch! He knows she didn’t do it and he’s still going to sack her! He didn’t care how frightened she’d been, or how upset she was – it was like she wasn’t even human!† â€Å"Well, she’s not,† said Ron. Hermione rounded on him. â€Å"That doesn’t mean she hasn’t got feelings, Ron. It’s disgusting the way -â€Å" â€Å"Hermione, I agree with you,† said Mr. Weasley quickly, beckoning her on, â€Å"but now is not the time to discuss elf rights. I want to get back to the tent as fast as we can. What happened to the others?† â€Å"We lost them in the dark,† said Ron. â€Å"Dad, why was everyone so uptight about that skull thing?† â€Å"I’ll explain everything back at the tent,† said Mr. Weasley tensely. But when they reached the edge of the wood, their progress was impeded. A large crowd of frightened-looking witches and wizards was congregated there, and when they saw Mr. Weasley coming toward them, many of them surged forward. â€Å"What’s going on in there?† â€Å"Who conjured it?† â€Å"Arthur – it’s not – Him?† â€Å"Of course it’s not Him,† said Mr. Weasley impatiently. â€Å"We don’t know who it was; it looks like they Disapparated. Now excuse me, please, I want to get to bed.† He led Harry, Ron, and Hermione through the crowd and back into the campsite. All was quiet now; there was no sign of the masked wizards, though several ruined tents were still smoking. Charlie’s head was poking out of the boys’ tent. â€Å"Dad, what’s going on?† he called through the dark. â€Å"Fred, George, and Ginny got back okay, but the others -â€Å" â€Å"I’ve got them here,† said Mr. Weasley, bending down and entering the tent. Harry, Ron, and Hermione entered after him. Bill was sitting at the small kitchen table, holding a bedsheet to his arm, which was bleeding profusely. Charlie had a large rip in his shirt, and Percy was sporting a bloody nose. Fred, George, and Ginny looked unhurt, though shaken. â€Å"Did you get them, Dad?† said Bill sharply. â€Å"The person who conjured the Mark?† â€Å"No,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"We found Barry Crouch’s elf holding Harry’s wand, but we’re none the wiser about who actually conured the Mark.† â€Å"What?† said Bill, Charlie, and Percy together. â€Å"Harry’s wand?† said Fred. â€Å"Mr. Crouch’s elf?† said Percy, sounding thunderstruck. With some assistance from Harry, Ron, and Hermione, Mr. Weasley explained what had happened in the woods. When they had finished their story, Percy swelled indignantly. â€Å"Well, Mr. Crouch is quite right to get rid of an elf like that!† he said. â€Å"Running away when he’d expressly told her not to†¦embarrassing him in front of the whole Ministry†¦how would that have looked, if she’d been brought up in front of the Department for the Regulation and Control -â€Å" â€Å"She didn’t do anything – she was just in the wrong place at the wrong time!† Hermione snapped at Percy, who looked very taken aback. Hermione had always got on fairly well with Percy – better, indeed, than any of the others. â€Å"Hermione, a wizard in Mr. Crouch’s position can’t afford a house-elf who’s going to run amok with a wand!† said Percy pompously, recovering himself. â€Å"She didn’t run amok!† shouted Hermione. â€Å"She just picked it up off the ground!† â€Å"Look, can someone just explain what that skull thing was?† said Ron impatiently. â€Å"It wasn’t hurting anyone†¦.Why’s it such a big deal?† â€Å"I told you, it’s You-Know-Who’s symbol, Ron,† said Hermione, before anyone else could answer. â€Å"I read about it in The Rise and Fall of the Dark Arts.† â€Å"And it hasn’t been seen for thirteen years,† said Mr. Weasley quietly. â€Å"Of course people panicked†¦it was almost like seeing You-Know-Who back again.† â€Å"I don’t get it,† said Ron, frowning. â€Å"I mean†¦it’s still only a shape in the sky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Ron, You-Know-Who and his followers sent the Dark Mark into the air whenever they killed,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"The terror it inspired†¦you have no idea, you’re too young. Just picture coming home and finding the Dark Mark hovering over your house, and knowing what you’re about to find inside†¦.† Mr. Weasley winced. â€Å"Everyone’s worst fear†¦the very worst†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was silence for a moment. Then Bill, removing the sheet from his arm to check on his cut, said, â€Å"Well, it didn’t help us tonight, whoever conjured it. It scared the Death Eaters away the moment they saw it. They all Disapparated before we’d got near enough to unmask any of them. We caught the Robertses before they hit the ground, though. They’re having their memories modified right now.† â€Å"Death Eaters?† said Harry. â€Å"What are Death Eaters?† â€Å"It’s what You-Know-Who’s supporters called themselves,† said Bill. â€Å"I think we saw what’s left of them tonight – the ones who managed to keep themselves out of Azkaban, anyway.† â€Å"We can’t prove it was them, Bill,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Though it probably was,† he added hopelessly. â€Å"Yeah, I bet it was!† said Ron suddenly . â€Å"Dad, we met Draco Malfoy in the woods, and he as good as told us his dad was one of those nutters in masks! And we all know the Malfoys were right in with You-Know-Who!† â€Å"But what were Voldemort’s supporters -† Harry began. Everybody flinched – like most of the wizarding world, the Weasleys always avoided saying Voldemort’s name. â€Å"Sorry,† said Harry quickly. â€Å"What were You-Know-Who’s supporters up to, levitating Muggles? I mean, what was the point?† â€Å"The point?† said Mr. Weasley with a hollow laugh. â€Å"Harry, that’s their idea of fun. Half the Muggle killings back when You-Know-Who was in power were done for fun. I suppose they had a few drinks tonight and couldn’t resist reminding us all that lots of them are still at large. A nice little reunion for them,† he finished disgustedly. â€Å"But if they were the Death Eaters, why did they Disapparate when they saw the Dark Mark?† said Ron. â€Å"They’d have been pleased to see it, wouldn’t they?† â€Å"Use your brains, Ron,† said Bill. â€Å"If they really were Death Eaters, they worked very hard to keep out of Azkaban when You-Know-Who lost power, and told all sorts of lies about him forcing them to kill and torture people. I bet they’d be even more frightened than the rest of us to see him come back. They denied they’d ever been involved with him when he lost his powers, and went back to their daily lives†¦.I don’t reckon he’d be over-pleased with them, do you?† â€Å"So†¦whoever conjured the Dark Mark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Hermione slowly, â€Å"were they doing it to show support for the Death Eaters, or to scare them away?† â€Å"Your guess is as good as ours, Hermione,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"But I’ll tell you this†¦it was only the Death Eaters who ever knew how to conjure it. I’d be very surprised if the person who did it hadn’t been a Death Eater once, even if they’re not now†¦.Listen, it’s very late, and if your mother hears what’s happened she’ll be worried sick. We’ll get a few more hours sleep and then try and get an early Portkey out of here.† Harry got back into his bunk with his head buzzing. He knew he ought to feel exhausted: It was nearly three in the morning, but he felt wide-awake – wide-awake, and worried. Three days ago – it felt like much longer, but it had only been three days – he had awoken with his scar burning. And tonight, for the first time in thirteen years, Lord Voldemort’s mark had appeared in the sky. What did these things mean? He thought of the letter he had written to Sirius before leaving Privet Drive. Would Sirius have gotten it yet? When would he reply? Harry lay looking up at the canvas, but no flying fantasies came to him now to ease him to sleep, and it was a long time after Charlie’s snores filled the tent that Harry finally dozed off. How to cite Chapter 9 The Dark Mark, Essay examples